Religions Effect on The Wanderer :: Religion Clergy Wanderer Poetry Poem essays

Religion's Effect on The Wanderer â€Å"He who is alone often lives to find favor† (Wanderer), but is he searching needlessly? In short, â€Å"The Wanderer† is an Old English poem of a man who is exiled due to the loss of his liege lord. The man then finds himself traveling the sea in search of a new land in which he could remain. His travel is accompanied by a lament from his heart. His heart has little hope, and even that is overpowered by the lament for the land he had just been exiled from. Yet hope still manages to find a place in this sad tale, for this oral poem was made into a manuscript by the Christian Monks around the year of 975 (Wanderer). â€Å"The Wanderer† is among many of the oral traditions of the Anglo-Saxon period that have been put into print. Through this transition of being spoken to now being read, â€Å"The Wanderer† has lost and gained different components of its original form. If one were to remove the words of the author, the poem would be left with only a â€Å"sense of the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot† (Encarta), which is the average focus of poems spoken at the time. However, with the author interjecting phrases as simple as â€Å"So the wise man spoke in his heart† (Wanderer), it lifts the appeal of true harshness. The author takes this man’s most abstract and uneasy thoughts and gives a simple explanation for them, and this leads the reader to not judge the wanderer- based on his morbid thoughts- as much. The author does not go as far as to create sympathy for the wanderer, just far enough to create an understanding of him. No person wants to be judged based on personal thoughts, for things expressed only within the mind are not meant to be observed by others. It could create a wrong impression of a person, and that is what the author is making sure does not happen. There is an â€Å"elegiac note [that] finds it most eloquent expression in ‘The Wanderer’† (â€Å"Wanderer†). However, because of the clergies inserting an author, this great sense of elegy is slightly altered due to the fact: it is not completely a reflective essay anymore, but mostly because the melancholy tone is lightened by the author’s explanation, which are two key components of elegy. Granted, it is believed to be one of the best examples of elegy, but it must have been more so before it was put into manuscript.

African American Korean American Conflict Essay

â€Å"So they watch every damn move that I make. They hope I don’t pull out a Gat, try to rob†¦ † so goes the words to a rap song by a famous Black American musician as portrayed by Anthony choe (www. hcs. harvard. edu). These lines are a clear representation of the enormity of the ever-escalating ethnic tensions between the African American-Korean American. The universal declaration on human rights believes in the equality of all humanity and posits to condemn and abhor discrimination based on any form or kind, be it gender, race or creed. These are the values that are to bind all persons and ensure the rise and preservation of self-determination with no prejudice against any group. This however is theoretically oriented and a sharp contrast of the ever grim situation on the surface. Prejudice and discrimination has always defined relations amongst humanity world over; the near future does not look promising either, these prejudices shall continue to persist unless urgently addressed by all the parties involved. This paper seeks to focus at brief history of the origin and nature of this conflict, its impact and incidences of violence and to a greater extent the solutions to a situation that day in day out is escalating to a bloody level. This conflict has rather a brief history unlike the traditional prejudices. The first instant of recorded public scuffle dates back to 1986 in a much publicized boycott of a Korean merchants, led by a black American reverend after one of the Black American had been allegedly mistreated in a shop. Since then, these boycotts and hostilities have been rather predominant and continue to sour relations among the blacks and Koreans in America. The bases of these tensions thrive on both economic and cultural factors fuelled by retrogressive stereotypes held by both groups against each other. It largely stems from trader-consumer dynamics where majority of Blacks accuse the American Koreans of exploiting their community, by high-pricing their consumer goods and general mistreatment of the black shoppers. The American Korean community has established businesses in areas predominantly regarded as blacks territories, the riots and the looting has considerably affected their financial and psychological status with some even contemplating leaving U. S. The socio-cultural aspect of the conflicts has been over-portrayed by the media who posits the ethnical tensions to have a predominantly social origin. (Kim, I, p 36) The solutions to these conflicts should be multifaceted, ensuring that they are all encompassing and embracing all the ethnic groups involved. A solution to the blacks Korea situation cannot be left to the two communities alone, the government has also to play a big role. According to In-Jin (1998): †¦more(government) funding should be allocated for dispute-prevention and resolution centers in areas where there is a high probability of inter-group conflict. The past years indicate that the government has abdicated their role as key players in this conflict resolution and appear to take a backseat as the events unfold. These dispute resolution centers will have a sole duty of initiating medication between the blacks and Korean. This group should also carry out counseling to the affected persons. The membership of this group should entail all persons from all walks of life from the affected persons; ranging from scholars, government agents, local residents and politicians. It should also ensure that it incorporates permanent staffs to initiate coalition buildings amongst the different interracial groups. Koreans have over time decried low police protection and lack of timely police response. The arrested criminals too are accorded lenient penalties. Whether or not these claims are valid, measures should be taken to ensure that a crime-fighting unit and justice system are re-enforced to cope with the special case of inter-racial crimes that may arise. It will also enable both groups to report incidences confidently with no fear of a vengeful mission. Another key problem identified as fuelling the conflict is the communication barriers existing between the two. Blacks are known to look down to the Koreans as far as their fluency in English is concerned. With most Koreans being of modest English communication skills, their non-responsiveness is sometimes interpreted as a sign of rudeness by the blacks. Programs should be rolled out to encourage English lessons to Koreans to ensure that they understand the language beyond the transactional level. Bilingual government agents and law enforcers should be employed to improve the interactions between the police and the Korean community and bridge the gap that currently exists. The Black-Korean Alliance has made bold steps towards achieving this. It has an objective according to Edward and Angie (1998,p16): †¦of developing a model for facilitating dialogue and improving tensions in target areas (Los Angeles) and the replicate this in other areas with similar problems. Forums should be arranged to encourage these alliances. Although BKA could not achieve the set goals it is an indicator that of the potency of such inter-racial organizations towards conflict resolution. The Koreans attitudes and practice towards proper trading and business largely differ from Blacks and misunderstandings arising from the behaviors towards each other have led to bloody confrontations. The Blacks claim that Koreans look down upon them and are overly suspicious and vigilant whenever a Black person is shopping in their premises. Koreans on the other hand have a problem with the Blacks foul loud language, and tendencies such as shoplifting (Hicks J, 1994 P. 79). There is a widespread belief amongst the Blacks that their Korean counterparts see them as lazy and fatalistic as most of them are poor and largely depend on government programs, a sharp contrast to the Koreans belief in business ethics based on discipline and hard work. Any understanding of the Black-Korean conflict should find its rooting from this and the solution to this conflict should also seek to address these misunderstandings. It should seek to strike a dialogue between the two groups and elimination of the factors that led to the birth of the conflict initially. The Los Angeles riots of 1992 were an eye-opener to the intensity of the conflict and mostly to the Korean merchants who had established their business in America. Most had been ignorant of the American social history and culture opting to devote their time and money while clinging to their emotional attachment back at home (Min, P. p 22There are organizations that have sprung as a consequence of the Los Angeles riots to try and pave way for increased interaction between the blacks and the Koreans living in America. The religion-based organization called Black-Korean Christian alliance is a good example. As a fore mentioned the tensions thriving between the Blacks and Koreans are predominately based on a general misunderstanding and ill-advised perceptions regarding the cultures and norms of each group. Any solution to the conflict should be aimed at focusing on the erasure of these social misconstructions. The Blacks generalization of Koreans merchants is a people out to squeeze extra dime from them through high prices. The Koreans are highly paranoic of the Blacks who they term as very prone to shop lifting tendencies. There should be increased efforts to establish more organizations to act as bridges between these two groups, with an aim of fostering more mutual understanding. An increased interaction will see the quelling down of these ethnic tensions and be a gate way to higher level of ethnic harmony not just limited to the two groups but also to others like Hispanics who over time have been engaging in street fights in the name of protecting their gang territories. Any activity or project with an intention of bringing the two communities to a better level of understanding should be embraced. The Korean and American human relations council is meant to contribute towards this. One of the key ingredients in resolving human conflicts is through the emphasis and initiation of dialogue. The past incidences in the black Korean conflict have escalated due to the reluctance of both parties to give dialogue a chance both opting to resort to violence. While the Koreans may be blamed for their prejudice against the blacks, on the other hand equal castigation should be leveled against the blacks for the violent reactions. Intense dialogue between the two groups has never before been given much chance. The blacks have been reacting explosively when they are mistreated in addition to boycotting the Korean stores. It is this fact that exacerbates the situation further. While Koreans are fighting to stay afloat in their businesses and their livelihood they cross the blacks war path of dignity preservation, a cause passionately embedded in Black populations’ heart. Dialogue if embraced will be a major step in truing to resolve any conflict that might arise. Dialogue will see the smoothening out of any generalization and blanket branding of the Korean merchants as looking down upon Blacks and they (Blacks) being ill perceived as shoplifters. The past years have seen these understandings being developed especially amongst religious organization. Tensions will now be detected early before they escalate and trigger a repeat of the Los Angeles, 1992 riots. Past records indicate very few interactions amongst the two groups with their relations purely being based on merchant-client relation with no other interactions at another level. Most of the immigrants from Korea have a history in America that only dates back a few decades and are unaware of the Blacks poverty situation and its connection with the past discriminatory tendencies, economic and political marginalisation that has been practiced for years by the white population with the government’s full blessing. An interaction between the two groups should open each other’s understanding of the different economic-social backgrounds and motivations. The media has played a great role in escalating and connecting otherwise unrelated stories and branding them as racially oriented. Although highly ambitious, the media should play the key role in solving the Korea store that later sparked a major out roar and boycott could have been addressed as an isolated criminal case of violence involving two citizens and not blown out of proportion to encompass the woes of racism. Media especially in the United States plays an enormous role in informing the public of the intricate happening in America. In so doing it provides linkages to various other events. It plays a role in shaping peoples preferences, tastes and even stereotypes. Most of the isolated incidences sometimes end up being branded as racial oriented often when there is small or no connections at all. It is this generalization that many a times re-awakens deeply concealed resentments and emotions and leads to community finding a common ground in solidarity against the now perceived enemy. The Black Americans print and audio media have been seen to be vocal in rallying them behind a certain cause in the name of fighting for their rights. These fights more often than not end up turning bloody and end up creating more resentment between the two communities. The media should be at the forefront in urging for the peaceful co existence of the two groups in the understanding that both are mutually beneficial to each other. A lot of Korean hate music done by the Blacks contains lyrics that are inciting and often praise violence in the name of â€Å"Black Brotherhood†. The change towards erasing prejudices can effectively be championed by the media stations and the key personalities in the Black population. Hate campaigns should have no room in today’s world. General consensus is in the agreement that poverty and illiteracy that is widespread amongst the black population is largely to blame for the violence that exists. The much touted â€Å"middle man minority theory† explains this aspect thoroughly well and its commonality in America. Immigrants whenever they may be, often face stiff opposition from the natives in the belief that they are consuming and exploiting their local resources (Yu, et al, 1982 pg 75). That is the perception characterizing the black Americans view of their counterparts the Korean Americans. Economically the blacks are rated among the poorest populations in America, together with the Hispanics. One of the reason or excuse fronted for this is due to the discriminatory practices meted against the black population for ages, right from the days of slave trade to the most recent times of civil right activist. Most of the population that lives in slums continues to wallow in a miasma of poverty and surviving merely from the government’s welfare handouts. Some of these people are a disgruntled lot that have a fatalistic and timid view of the world believing they are where they are as a result of exploitation. On the other hand the Koreans are endowed with both economic power unequalled by the slum dwelling African Americans and business niche. They are in the hot pursuit of the American dream believing that most blacks are poor as a result of their own sluggishness and not the prevailing economic and political system. The conflict hence is unavoidable as blacks seek to preserve the only thing left in them; Dignity and the Koreans carrying out the business practice as they have been brought up to do: Conservatively. To resolve this conflict hence requires addressing the issue of economic imbalance that exists among the various racial and cultural groups existing in the American society. It is advisable for the government to come up with an elaborate plan of stemming out rampant disparities in the society. The riots maybe the blacks’ natural way of striking back against an establishment they believe has been working against their cause, only this time the target of their fury is the Koreans. Illiteracy continues to thrive in the blacks’ population, education may be one of the key ways toward economic empowerment, and although majority of the black population weild more political participation and sensitivity then the Koreans economic level puts them at a disadvantaged position. Structures, schemes and policies should be erected to uplift the economic status of the black population; this probably will see their more involvement in economic activities and their consequent uplift to their living standards. The 1994 efforts by the Korean government to provide an international solution should be hailed as an important step towards reconciliation. This is where some African American youths form Los Angeles were sponsored to attend cultural festivities in Korea. This was an important gesture that would show the African Americans back home of the importance of racial co-existence. The cultures and history of black Americans and Koreans through the varying greatly have some instances of semblances. Koreans had for a long time been under the leadership of the Japanese and undergoes a lot of suffering under their leaderships. The blacks have also had a share of their hot soup through the discriminations and servitude undergone for any decades in the U. S. There are some of the points that should be emphasized instead of over blowing the differences that exist between the two groups. Exchange programs between the two groups should be encouraged mostly at the cultural and educational levels to help open up the two communities in understanding each others cultural, political, economical and ideological elements. Advanced interactions can be initiated through the audio-visual tapes to be distributed to both these groups. For a long time many Koreans immigrations to American had been of the nature of U. S culture and the diversifications existing among the racial and ethnic groups. It would be imperative if civil societies and Korean American social groups would carry out, intense lessons about the nature of the American Socio-cultural organization and compositions aimed at enlightening them on the things to expect in the United States. The level of ethnic escalating evidenced was aggravated further by Korean Americans merchants’ aloofness of the special needs and interests of the African American community, their differences in culture not with standing. The Los Angeles riots and the subsequent scuffles that have taken place in America have left and portrayed the Koreans as a discouraged lot especially considering the amount of their efforts and capital that went up in flames, in the end it emerges the American Koreans are the ones that have lost in these conflicts. This brings out one point clearly; while it would be foolhardy and an act of timidness for the Koreans to withdraw their investmetn from their African Americans inhabited territories, one point is clear that they need to consolidate thir political suppport behind the formation of a single political force that would see them empowered enough to withstand such onslaughts. The government has been accused of reacting in a lucklustre manner towards the Korean Americans plight even as it watched their investments go down the drain. The reason behind this is the political sensitivity of any issue with anyting to do with the blacks. Due to their large numbers compared to the Korean Americans, they hold more political power than the Koreans and it would have been imprudent for the government to emerge to be supporting the Korean Americans at the expense of the blacks. Political empowerment of Korean American would see them acquire the full recognition and authority in the political arena ensuring that their economic rights are catered for. Political and empowerment will also level the ground of social interaction and dialogue with the black community. In conclusion, the conflict between the African American and the Korean American communities since its start at around 1986 has seen lots of lives lost and property worth millions of dollars gone to waste. This water down the internationally held nortion that America is an epitome of social justice and excellece. The root cause of these conflicts has been found to be emanating from the cultural, political and economic disparities that exist within the society. It represents with a loud voice, the need for the American government and the society in general to address the societal imbalances. The African American society living in the slums is faced with a lot of social problems ranging from drugs and crimes. Their fighting the American Korean society is explained along those lines. The solution hence is in tackling the causes of economic imbalances. The past years have seen the income disparities among the Americas rich and the poor grow wider and wider. African Americans and the Hispanics are the worst hit in this. These are the two communities most involved in major insecurity cases in the neighborhoods they predominantly live. Dialogue is another solution among others that has been identified as key to quell down the raging animosity between the two communities. Interaction between the two communities should be improved through the formation of organizations that would act as a link between the two communities and be in a position to resolve conflicts as they arise. WORKS CITED. H. K Ryoo. Achieving friendly interactions: a study of service encounters between Korean shopkeepers and African American customers. Discourse society, January 1, 2005. 79-105 Anthony Choe, Ice Cube? â€Å"Black Korea† Racially charged rap. Yisei Magazine. From 1991 Album. Retrieved on 3/09/07 from http://www. hcs. havard. edu/yisei/issues/spring-92/ys92. 6. html Hicks, J. Rebuilding in the wake of rebellion: The need for economic commension in E. Y Yu edited Black Korean Encounter: Toward Understanding and Alliance. Los Angeles: Institute for Asian American and Pacific Asian Studies, 1994. 79-82. Yu, Phillips Yang, Koreans in Los Angeles: Prospects and Promises, Los Angeles: Koryo Research Institute, California State University, 1982: 75-98 Min, P. Minority Business Enterprise: Korean Small Business in Atlanta. Staten Island, NY: The Center for Migration Studies, 1988. Kim, I. New Urban Immigrants: The Korean Community in New York. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981 Edward Tachan Ching, Angie Y. Chung. Social Justice: From Third World Liberation to Multiple Oppression Politics: A Contemporary Approach to Inter ethnical Coalitions. 1998,Vol. 25,p16. In-Jin Yoon, Who is my Neighbor? : Koreans Perceptions of Blacks and Latinos as Employees, Customers, and Neighbors. Development and Society. Korea University. June1998. Vol. 27, 72

Shootings in Schools in the Last Three Decades - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 477 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Bullying Essay School Bullying Essay School Shooting Essay Did you like this example? By my count, they have been 166 shootings in schools in the last three decades these cases are persistently viewed as Aberrations Each new incident provokes Surprise and shock. These mass shootings took place in predominately white, middle-class or upper class Suburbans what small towns. Expects tend to Fix blame on factors external to school, Severe mental illness, access to guns, or media violence, especially video games. While these issues shortly play a role in high incidence of such events, we need to ask you more fundamental question. What occurs in school themselves, the sites, after all of the shootings that causes so many students to become unhappy, anxious, depressed, motivated by rage? Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Shootings in Schools in the Last Three Decades" essay for you Create order Some of the shooters Who survived Who didn’t kill themselves or get killed in the Mayham express these feelings explicitly. They are proud of themselves after the shootings. Most schools shootings perpetrators are male Most of those who committed the massacres, struggle for Rick no nation and status among their peers. The majority of them languished at the bottom of the social hierarchy. They tended not to be athletic, they we also described in the media are skinny, scrawny, Short, lanky. They were diseased for looking feminine or gay. They didn’t need to be academically oriented. Do you where do you only on successful with girls. Many of them were also significantly less wealthy then the popular teens and their schools. As a result of these perceived failures, They were mercilessly teased and abused. Leaving as they do within such a strict punitive social hierarchy, Boys are told in one way or another to prove their manhood And in some cases, to prove that they exist at all. Mini boys think that the most go to great lengths to differentiate themselves from perceived perceived as gay , Feminine, poor, intellectual, or weak. So they harass, bully, demean, Humiliate, and I generally try to crush this social value of anyone who doesn’t feet him. All in and effort to secure their own social standing by calling in another student gay. A boy demonstrates to others that he is successfully heterosexual, While a boy who beats up another student proves how powerful he is Compared with the injured party. These boys repeatedly choose to prove their masculinity overwhelming violence. Many of them targeted more popular kids who have harassed them In the girls who had rejected them. They believe their violent response, a powerful demonstration of masculine prowess, Would win them the recognition they desperately craved. Whether they were dead or alive, free or behind bars, one after another, the perpetrators spoke about their yearning for notoriety. They could no longer imagine Achieving recognition is there present reality, so they dreamed of receiving it in some form of afterlife obtained through silence and infamy. These youth turned suit any means necessary to get that recognition.

The Effects Of Conflict On A Decision Making - 1877 Words

The objective of this essay will demonstration to what extent is conflict detrimental to a decision making. March and Simon (1958,p 112) â€Å"consider conflict as a breakdown in the standard mechanisms of decision making, so that an individual or group experience difficulty in selecting an alternative.† (Rahim, 2011, p. 15). Decision-making â€Å"is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions.† (Decision-making process - UMass Dartmouth, 2016). Furthermore, the author will provide detailed information to what extend conflict can be harmful or useful for decision making, followed by the conclusion. Conflict is normal, and we cannot avoid it. Conflicts create an atmosphere†¦show more content†¦Conflict can produce positive results, including a greater capacity to make well-informed decisions. Viewing conflict as an opportunity to strengthen decision-making skills and implement constructive changes to office procedures and policies will result in better outcomes and improved department operations Conflict does not always come from bad decisions, but it can also arise from disagreements over a wrong decision. De Clercq, Thongpapanl, and Dimov, 2008). Academy of Marketing Science report shows that companies who works toward goals and growth often encourage conflict to make the best decision. A conflict also brings the best out of employees as it allows them to be free and individuals bring their own unique ideas and experience. (Stravato and 12, 2014, p. 18). Also, it gives the individual team member the ability to act independently. Nevertheless, in order, this to work team members must maintain the strong relationship that allows them to work together effectively. This link with destructive conflict because destructive conflict tends to create inequality and unevenness of power. Often employees feel they are judged negatively, which leads them to lose focus and confidence. Also, employees experience frustration during the conflict as their voice doesn’t have value towa rds decision making therefore, they tend to avoid communication with co-workers which might create additionalShow MoreRelatedManaging Conflict On The Top Management Teams1050 Words   |  5 Pagesof the conflict on the top management teams by using conflict to encourage creativity and discussion, but it is also be able to stop a teamwork process because of difference of opinions and perspectives between team members. Team conflict is a common part in the company that may obstruct the accomplishment of team goals. However, successfully managing conflict may stimulate creativity that can produce superior decision among a team. 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Starbucks Brand Introduction Of Starbucks - 1924 Words

Brand Introduction Starbucks was established in 1971 via partners, Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker, that were inspired to sell premium coffee product offerings (Starbucks, n.d.). The early years of Starbucks is much different from today considering the firm began as a coffee machine and coffee bean distributor. Roughy a decade later the three partners sold Starbucks to Howard Schultz, which forever changed the direction of the company (Starbucks, n.d.). Shortly after Schultz gained ownership of Starbucks, the firm began to sell premium brewed coffee that the world knows and loves today. After the initial launch of brewed coffee, Starbucks did not expand its product offering for many years. As the company grew in popularity the†¦show more content†¦The firm’s marketing efforts has helped the brand to become regarded as a premium supplier of coffees and a brand that consistently delivers a memorable experience (Starbucks, n.d.). Over the years, Starbucks has become synonymous with corporate social responsibility. The firm s sustainability efforts have focused on the following three facets: community, ethical sourcing and the environment. Starbucks has always taken a collaborative approach with regard to environmental sustainability because the corporation believes it is easier to obtain goals when working with others. The corporation works with non-profit organizations, policy makers, competitors and others in an attempt to advance initiatives that Starbucks and its allies believes are having a significant impact on the entire foodservice industry (Starbucks Global Responsibility Report, 2013). It is apparent that Starbucks is more than a coffee brand. They are a company that brings together consumers from various communities to enjoy coffee. Moreover, Starbucks aims to create a memorable experience for each customer that visits the store. 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Pregnancy Smoking and the Unborn Child Free Essays

This paper discusses the different effects of smoking to pregnant woman. The paper is divided into three parts. First part of the paper shows the statistical data available in the United States about smoking. We will write a custom essay sample on Pregnancy Smoking and the Unborn Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second part of the paper discusses the different experiments that had been done by experts to compare the babies that are not exposed to smoking. Lastly, the third part of the paper shows the other complications of exposure to smoking. A conclusion is also provided in the last part of the paper Smoking is considered as a habit that had contributed negative effects not only to pregnant women but also to people who are not pregnant. There are two ways of exposure to cigarette smoke. First is the exposure through first hand smoking, where a person inhales the smoke through smoking and the second hand smoking where a person inhales the smoke from the cigarette of another smoker. According to statistics from the Center for Disease Control and Development (CDC) (2006) from the Women and Tobacco, cigarette had been the cause of death of 178,000. Further investigation shows that ninety percent of women who had lung cancers can be attributed to smoking. Women who smoke have an increased risk for diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and pulmonary diseases. Looking at the National Statistics from the Center for Disease Control and Development, there is an estimate of 18.1% of women with ages 18 and above is cigarette smokers. Statistics also show that there is an estimate of 18% pregnant women from the ages of 15 to 44 years. As stated above, smoking does not only involve the first hand smoker but also the second hand smoker. Looking at the statistics from the CDC (2006), second hand smoke exposure had declined. It was further explained that the levels of cotinine had fallen down by 70% for the years 1988 to 1991 and 2001-2002. However, even though there has been a decline on the exposure, 126 million non-smoking Americans both children and adult are exposed to this second hand exposure. Children according to the figures from CDC are more exposed than adults. To be exact, 60% of the children in the age bracket of 3 to 11 years old are exposed to second hand smoke. To understand fully the implications on the effect of smoking to the child, an investigation was done by the proponent of the study. There have been several studies that had been made in the past that can further explain the effect of smoking to children. Josephine Thomas had made an experiment regarding the exposure of children to smoking. Based on the report written by Thomas (2000), the effects that might be experienced by children who were exposed to smoke are infertility, coagulation problems, obstetric complications such as extra uterine pregnancy and placenta previa, and intrauterine growth retardation. Results on the study had also shown that unborn children who had been exposed to tobacco smoke could indicate a negative behavior for toddlers and smoking experimentation among adolescents. Mothers who had smoked during pregnancy had scored their children high on toddler negativity, although there are other factors that might influence the children to do so but being exposed to cigarettes had shown that the data proved that the children high on toddler negativity had been exposed. The experts had also experimented on the early experimentation of adolescents with regard to smoking. The results of the study are not clear enough to know. However, experts are speculating that nervous system damage could have happened because of maternal smoking. The damage can be expressed as inattention aggression, depression and anxiety. Another experiment that had been done to compare the effects of maternal smoking exposure is the possible genetic mutation chromosomes of the babies. Based on the results of the study, there are 12.1% smokers and 3.5% non-smokers who had shown a structural chromosomal abnormaities, 10.5% smokers and 8% non-smokers had shown chromosomal instability and 15.7% smokers and 10.1% non-smokers had shown chromosomal lesions. Among the three changed items, the chromosomal instability and chromosomal lesions pose a risk of cancer and blood malignancies to the child who had been exposed to smoke. Lannero et al. (2006) have another experiment that can be associated with the comparison of smokers and non-smokers. The experts had studied 4,089 infants and had observed the babies up to two months. Questionnaires was used by the proponents in order to determine the status of the infants.   Based on the results of the study, it has been proven that maternal smoking increase the risk of recurrent wheezing for babies up to two years of age. Unborn and newlyborn babies are prone to recurrent wheezing. This can also be diagnosed as asthma by the doctors. Lastly, Rebagliato et al (1995) had correlated the exposure of the babies to smoke and the weight of the baby born. The experiment was done in Spain. The duration of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home, work, vehicles and Public places had been collected through a questionnaire. Based on the results there is a very small difference in the weight of the child that had been exposed. Looking at the results closely, these small difference had been a basis that there is a growth retardation to the child exposed to maternal smoking. There are many more experiments that could have been done by the experts to prove their point about exposure to maternal smoking. Healthgoods had shown all the possible effects of maternal smoking. Smoking is said to limit the amount of nutrients and oxygen that would react the unborn child. According to the American Lung Association, maternal smoking brings about several negative effects to the baby. This include miscarriages, still births, very low birth weight and could also result to a sudden infant death syndrome. Other implications of having been exposed to maternal smoke is that the newly-born children suffers more from lung problems, learning deficiencies and behavioral problems. As stated above, behavioral problems are one of the implications of tobacco prenatal exposure. Ear infections are also possible. Breast Feeding mothers are also discouraged to smoke because the chemicals in the cigarettes could enter the breast milk of the mother such as nicotine and carbon monoxide and this can be passed on to the baby. The child and the mother are closely linked together because when women are pregnant, the child and the mother share the same body, inhales the same air and eats the same food. Having a child is very sensitive because whatever the mother does to herself affects the baby. If the mother is a cigarette addict, then she must try to curb her habits well to avoid putting that child that she is carrying at risk. There are many implications, and complications that the child can experience if he or she is exposed to smoking. As much as possible, it is really not advisable to smoke or be surrounded by smokers if a particular person is pregnant. Not smoking a cigarette helps the mother avoid the first hand smoke exposure. However in public places, mothers should take good care that they are not exposed to smokers. Second Hand smoke exposure also has an effect on the baby. The website Healthgoods.com had enumerated several tips to stop smoking to help mothers avoid risking their child’s life. It would be helpful for pregnant women who are addicted to cigarettes to read websites, pamphlets or ask advice from a doctor to help them stop their habits of smoking. REFERENCES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention   (November 2006). Women and Tobacco. Retrieved last January 20, 2008 from Department of Health and Human Services. Website: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/Factsheets/women_tobacco.htm March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation (2007). Smoking and Pregnancy. Retrieved last January 20, 2008 from Health Goods. Website: Medical Studies/Trials (9 March 2005). Maternal Smoking During Preganancy Associated with Chromosomal Abnormalities. Retrieved last January 22, 2008 from   News Medical.net. Website: http://www.news-medical.net/?id=8330 Thomas, J. (2000) Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Associated With Negative Toddler Behavior and Early Smoking Experimentation. Retrieved last November 22, 2008 from National Institute on Drug Abuse. Website: http://www.nida.nih.gov/NIDA_Notes/NNVol16N1/Maternal.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention   (October 2006). Trends in Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among U.S. Nonsmokers: Progress and Gaps. Retrieved last January 20, 2008 from Department of Health and Human Services. Website: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/Factsheets/SecondhandTrends.htm Rebagliato,M., Florey, C.D. and Bolumar, F. (1995) Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Nonsmoking Pregnant Women in Relation to Birthweight.   Retrieved last January 20, 2008 from   American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 142 No. 5 pp. 531-537 . Website: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/142/5/531 How to cite Pregnancy Smoking and the Unborn Child, Essay examples

Analyze and Evaluate Event Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analyze and Evaluate Event Management. Answer: Introduction Event Management refers to the process of managing all the operations for the effective organization of a particular event or program (Yeoman et al. 2012). For the success of a particular event, effective contribution from the human resources is required. In addition, it needs to be mentioned that there are various stakeholders involved with a particular event. In this particular process, certain factors create their effects on the decision-making process of different stakeholders of the events. Thus, it is necessary to consider all these aspects at the time of managing a particular event. Discussion The main aim of this essay is to analyze and evaluate various aspects of a particular event. It was an Annual Community Function. The concept of the community function was to arrange such kind of a program that would be suitable for everyone of the community irrespective of age group. The major activities of that community function were group dance performance, play, recitation, magic show and a band performance. In addition, there was arrangements for a dinner party for all the community members. The whole program took place at the community hall. The major stakeholders of that community function were the organizing community, sponsors, and members of the community, local authorities, service contractor, performers, participants, entertainers and others. The main objective of this community function was to effectively plan the event so that all the community members can participate and enjoy the program. In order to achieve this particular objective, it is required to take some steps. They are number of people attending, number of participants, take contribution from the sponsors and determination of the profit. It is required for every event to have some specific objectives as they keep the event organizers focus towards the achievement of target. Apart from this, these objectives helped the organizers of the community function to measure the outcome of the event for organization of any future events (Quinn 2013). Thus, the scope of this event is related to the objectives of the community function. One major scope of the community program was to make optimal use of the required resources that are human resources, physical resources and financial resources. Another scope was to complete the whole program within time. It can be seen that the event organizers had the scope to complete the event as per planning (Lotem et al. 2013). From the above discussion, it can be seen that different stakeholders were involved in the event management process of the community function. It is natural that different types of decisions were needed to be made for the effective complementation of the community function. There are various principles of psychology that affected the decision-making process for the community function. There are different theories that helped in the analysis of the effects of various principles on the decision-making process of the stakeholders. Some of those major theories are Csikszentmihalyi and Flow Theory, Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and others. Some of those theories are discussed below: The above figure shows the various aspects of the theory of Csikszentmihalyi and Flow. This theory analyzes the psychological situation of the organizations when they take a particular job. From the above diagram, it can be seen that there are many psychological situation of human mind like anxiety, worry, control, boredom and others (Csikszentmihalyi, Abuhamdeh, and Nakamura 2014). It needs to be mentioned that the community program will have different psychological effect on the major stakeholders. During the time of the community function, the organizers were very much anxious about the success of the program. At the same time, they were trying to establish control over the whole program. However, the major concern of the service contractor was to maintain the flow of work so that there is not any inconvenience in the event. At the same time, the spectators were in relaxed mood as they were there to enjoy the program. From the above discussion, it can be seen that there are five steps in the theory of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Different needs of the different stakeholders can be described with the help of this diagram. The particular organization organized the community function out of the social needs of them. Self-fulfillment need worked for the stakeholders like service contractor, performers, entertainers and the program organizers (Cherry 2014). This is because all the major stakeholders of this community functions put their physical as well as mental effort for the successful completion of the community function. Apart from this, the achievements of esteem needs created effects on the stakeholders of the company. The main reason is that the feeling of accomplishment would give them prestige in the community and the workplace. These are the major psychological effects on the major stakeholders of the product. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be seen that the process of event management has many steps like development of the event concept, development of objectives, scope setting and others. Thus, it is required for the organizers to consider all these factors. The above study also shows the effects of some psychological and social factors on the decision-making process of the key stakeholders. For this analysis, two major theories used are Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and the theory of Csikszentmihalyi and Flow. The above discussion shows that self-fulfillment need and esteem need have effects on the decision-making process of the stakeholders. References Cherry, K., 2014. Hierarchy of needs.The Five Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. About. com Guide.| Link. Csikszentmihalyi, M., Abuhamdeh, S. and Nakamura, J., 2014. Flow. InFlow and the foundations of positive psychology(pp. 227-238). Springer Netherlands. Lester, D., 2013. Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Psychological Reports,113(1), pp.15-17. Lotem, A., Cohen, G. and Naon, L.B., Skybox Secutiry Inc., 2013.Method for simulation aided security event management. U.S. Patent 8,407,798. Nakamura, J. and Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2014. The concept of flow. InFlow and the foundations of positive psychology(pp. 239-263). Springer Netherlands. Quinn, B., 2013.Key concepts in event management. Sage. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J., Drummond, S. and McMahon-Beattie, U. eds., 2012.Festival and events management. Routledge.